Bindarit

Capsaicin

Curcumin

Chongmyung-Tang

Epigallocatechin gallate

Cimicifuga rhizoma

Genistein

Ginkgo biloba

Hymenialdisine

Oren-gedoku-to

Polygala tenuifolia

Rosmarinus officinalis Linn

Glucosidorum Tripterygii tororum

Quercetin

Rehmannia glutinosa

Gallic acid esters (red wine)

Sanguinarine

Sesquiterpene lactone helenalin

Silymarin

Urtica dioica

Zingiberaceae

Zoja C, et al. Kidney Int 1998 ;53:726-34

Yu R, et al. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1998;68:114-9

Jobin C, et al.. J Immunol 1999;163:3474-83

Kim HM, et al. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;66:295-300

Yang F, et al. J Nutr 1998;128:2334-40

Hirabayashi T, et al.. Planta Med 1995;61:221-6

Tabary O, et al. Am J Pathol 1999;155:473-81

Wei Z, et al.. Gen Pharmacol 1999;33:369-75

Breton JJ, et al. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;282:459-66

Wang LM,et al.. J Pharm Pharmacol 1997;49:102-4

Kim HM, et al.. J Ethnopharmacol 1998;61:201-8

al-Sereiti MR, et al. Indian J Exp Biol 1999;37:124-30

Wang ZG. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1997;17:348-50

Ishikawa Y, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999;10:2290-6

Kim HM,. et al. Pharmacol Res 1999;40:171-6

Murase T, et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:1412-20

Chaturvedi MM, et al. J Biol Chem 1997 28;272:30129-34

Lyss G, et al. J Biol Chem 1998 11;273:33508-16

Saliou C, et al. FEBS Lett 1998 27;440:8-12

Riehemann K, et al. FEBS Lett 1999; 8;442:89-94

Surh Y. Mutat Res 1999;428:305-27

Therapeutic Approaches Aimed at Suppression of Cytokine/Chemokine Mediated Stealth Virus Infection

Vitamin E

N-acetyl-cysteine

Alpha-lipoic acid

Coenzyme Q10

Butylated hydroxytoluene BHT

Wu D, et.al. Atherosclerosis. 1999; 7:297-307.

Gosset P, et.al. Eur Respir J 1999;14:98-105

Suzuki YJ, et.al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992;189:1709-15

Hodges S, et.al. Biofactors 1999;9:365-70

Hulten LM, et al. Transplantation 1998;66(3):364-9

Asparagus cochinchinensis

Gamma linoleic acid

Omega-3 lipids

Fish oil

Flaxseed oil

Palm oil

Fiber

Butyrate

Yogurt

L-Glycine

L-Arginine

Zinc

Inosine

Taurine chloramine

S-adenosylmethionine

DHEA

Kim H, et al. Int J Immunopharmacol 1998;20(4-5):153-62

Dirks J, et.al. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1998;59:273-7

Venkatraman JT andChu WC . J Am Coll Nutr 1999;18:602-13

James MJ, et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71(1 Suppl):343S-8S

James MJ, et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71(1 Suppl):343S-8S

Engelberts I, et.al. Br J Nutr 1993;69:159-67

Andoh A, et.al. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1999;23(5 Suppl):S70-3

Andoh A et al. Clin Exp Immunol 1999;118:23-9

Ha CL, et.al. J Food Prot 1999;62:181-8

Spittler A, et al. FASEB J 1999 ;13:563-71

Haberstroh U, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998 ;9:203-10.

Connell P, et al. J Am Coll Nutr 1997 ;16:411-7

Hasko G, et al. J Immunol 2000;164:1013-9

Kontny E, et al. Arthritis Rheum 1999;42:2552-60

Watson WH, et al. Biochem J 1999;342 ( Pt 1):21-5

Araghi-Niknam M, et al. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1997 ;216:386-91

Montelukast

Zileuton

Denizot Y, et al. Cytokine 1999;11:606-10

Aoki Y, et al. Am J Physiol 1998;274:L1030-9

Sulglycotide

Rebamipide

Polaprezinc

Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A.

Aihara M, et al.. Dig Dis Sci 1998;43(9 Suppl):174S-180S

Shimada T, et al.. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999;291:345-52

Aspirin

Ibuprofen

Sodium salicylate

Nimesulide

Diclofenac

Shi X, et al. Mol Cell Biochem 1999;199:93-102.

Stuhlmeier KM, et al. Biochem Pharmacol 1999 1;57:313-20

Lemay S, et al. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1999;6:567-72

Azab A, et al. J. Life Sci 1998;63: 323-7

Henrotin YE, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1999;17:151-60

Sulfasalazine

D-penicillamine

Gold

Glucocorticoids

Methotrexate

Bucillamine

Quinine

Quinacrine

Thalidomide

Deleuran B, et al. Cytokine 1992;4:403-9

Deleuran B, et al. Cytokine 1992;4:403-9

Yoshida S, et al. Int Immunol 1999;11:151-8

Bourke E, and Moynagh PN. J Immunol 1999;163:2113-9.

Boiardi L, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1999;17:419-25

Matsuno H, et al.. Int J Immunopharmacol 1998;20:295-304

Maruyama N, et al. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994;10:514-20

Bondeson J, and Sundler R. Gen Pharmacol 1998;30:357-66

Dunzendorfer S, et al. Immunopharmacology 1999;43:59-64

Clarithromycin

Roxithromycin

Erythromycin

Doxycycline

Minocycline

Matsuoka N, et al. Clin Exp Immunol 1996;104:501-8

Nonaka M, et al. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1998;539:71-5

Takizawa H, et al. J. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;156:266-71

Attur MG, et al. J Immunol 1999 15;162:3160-7

Attur MG, et al. J Immunol 1999 15;162:3160-7

ACE Inhibitors⁺

HMG-CoA reductase^# inhibitors

Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors

Ca(2+)-channel blockers

PGE(2) including agents

Nucloside analogue

Desferrioxamine

Pentoxifylline

Furosemide

Thyroxine

Vitamin B3

Vitamin B6

Vitamin B12

Vitamin D

Progesterone

Estrogens

Bile acids

Ketamine

Morphine

Levodopa

Selegiline

Sertraline

Trazadone

Haloperidol

Gullestad L, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:2061-7

Ortego M, et al. J. Atherosclerosis 1999;147:253-61

Lane TE,et al. J Neurovirol 1999;5:48-54

Rodler S, et al. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1995;27:2295-302

Kunkel SL, et al. J Biol Chem 1988 15;263:5380-4

Zidek Z, et al. Eur J Pharmacol 1999 2;376:91-100

Martelius T, et al. Transplantation 1999 15;68:1753-61

Neuner P, et al. Immunology 1994 ;83:262-7

Yuengsrigul A, et al. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1999;83:559-66

Rittenhouse PA, and Redei E. Endocrinology 1997 ;138:1434-9

Pero RW, et al. Mol Cell Biochem 1999;193:119-25

Roubenoff R,et al. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38:105-9

Buccellato FR, et al. . FASEB J 1999;13:297-304

Harant H, et al.. Eur J Biochem 1997 15;250:63-71

Vassiliadou N, et al. J Immunol 1999;15;162:7510-8

Inadera H, et al. Endocrinology 2000;141:50-9

Saitoh O, et al. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998;13:1212-7

Kawasaki T, et al. Anesth Analg 1999;89:665-9

Grimm MC, et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998 1;840:9-20

Bessler H, et al. Biomed Pharmacother 1999;53:141-5

Muller T, J Neural Transm Suppl 1998;52:321-8.

Maes M, et al. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999;20:370-9

Maes M, et al. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999;20:370-9

Moots RJ, et al. Ann Rheumatic Dis 1999;58:585-7

Heparin^*

Chondroitin

Mannans

Peptide T

Ramdin L, et al. Clin Exp Allergy 1998;28:616-24

Kuschert GS et al. Biochemistry 1999;38:12959-68

Mbemba E, et al. Virology 1999;265:354-64

Redwine LS, et al. Clin Immunol 1999;93:124-31

* The use of these medications solely for stealth virus infections is not being suggested. This does not, however, preclude an assessment of their potential anti-stealth virus activity in patients in whom the use of the medication is medically indicated.

⁺ ACE Angiotension converting enzyme

^# Cholesterol lowering