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2006 Cotton Picking in the South

Scientific Peer Reviewed Studies

All of our scientific research is fully documented and supported according to accepted scientific procedures and standards.  Here, you will not find exaggerated testimonials, emotional sales pitches, or unscientific - unsupported claims.  We do not publish inconclusive results or theories. We provide ALL the facts and results from our research, and our findings are available only to our members. They are NOT for sale but belong to the world.

It will be easy to see from the following scientific published peer reviewed papers that we know what we are talking about!  This information is provided for the researchers and for you, so you may all have it all, easily accessible.

Use By Plants Nitrate Assimilation Ammonia Assimilation Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser Aminotransferases Asp, Ala, GABA Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys Pro, Arg, Orn Polyamines Non-protein AAs Alkaloids Sulfate Assimilation Cys, Met, AdoMet, ACC His, Phe, Tyr, Tryp Secondary Products Onium Compounds Enzymes Methods Simulation References HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, potassium

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The wheat cDNA LCT1 generates hypersensitivity to sodium in a salt-sensitive yeast strain. Plant Physiol. 126: 1061-1071. Anterola AM, Jeon JH, Davin LB, Lewis NG 2002

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Salinity-induced potassium deficiency causes loss of functional photosytem II in leaves of the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina, through depletion of the atrazine-binding polypeptide. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 14: 351-361. Banuelos MA, Garciadeblas B, Cubero B, Rodriguez-Navarro A 2002

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The effects of hypoosmotic infusion on the composition of renal tissue of the Australian brush-tailed possum Trichosurus vulpecula. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 132: 645-652. Berardi S, Stieger B, Wachter S, O'Neill B, Krahenbuhl S 1998

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Inward and outward rectifying potassium currents in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediated by endogenous and heterelogously expressed ion channels. Folia Microbiol. (Praha) 39: 507-509. Bestwick CS, Brown IR, Bennett MH, Mansfield JW 1997

Localization of hydrogen peroxide accumulation during the hypersensitive reaction of lettuce cells to Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola. Plant Cell 9: 209-221. Biggers JD, Lawitts JA, Lechene CP 1993

The protective action of betaine on the deleterious effects of NaCl on preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 34: 380-390. Blaszczyk A, Sirko L, Hawkesford MJ, Sirko A 2002

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Atmospheric deposition and canopy exchange processes in heathland ecosystems. Environ. Pollut. 75: 29-37. Booth IR 1993

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Identification of a K+ channel from potato leaves by functional expression in Xenopus oocytes. Plant Cell Physiol. 39: 600-606. Britto DT, Kronzucker HJ 2001

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Pronounced differences between the native K+ channels and KAT1 and KST1 alpha-subunit homomers of guard cells. Planta 207: 370-376. Bursakov SA, Carneiro C, Almendra MJ, Duarte RO, Caldeira J, Moura I, Moura JJ 1997

Enzymatic properties and effect of ionic strength on periplasmic nitrate reductase (NAP) from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27774. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 239: 816-822. Butler CS, Charnock JM, Garner CD, Thomson AJ, Ferguson SJ, Berks BC, Richardson DJ 2000

Thiocyanate binding to the molybdenum centre of the periplasmic nitrate reductase from Paracoccus pantotrophus. Biochem. J. 352: 859-864. Camacho-Cristobal JJ, Gonzalez-Fontes A 1999

Boron deficiency causes a drastic decrease in nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity, and increases the content of carbohydrates in leaves from tobacco plants. Planta 209: 528-536. Cao Y, Anderova M, Crawford NM, Schroeder JI 1992

Expression of an outward-rectifying potassium channel from maize mRNA and complementary RNA in Xenopus oocytes. Plant Cell 4: 961-969. Cao Y, Ward JM, Kelly WB, Ichida AM, Gaber RF, Anderson JA, Uozumi N, Schroeder JI, Crawford NM 1995

Multiple genes, tissue specificity, and expression-dependent modulationcontribute to the functional diversity of potassium channels in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 109: 1093-1106. Cathey GW, Elmore CD, McMichael BL 1981

Some physiological responses of cotton leaves to foliar applications of potassium 3,4-dichloroisothiazole-5-carboxylate and S,S,S-tributyl phosphotrithioate. Physiol. Plant. 51: 140-144. Chirife J, Favetto G, Ferro Fontan C 1984

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Cortical and medullary betaine-GPC modulated by osmolality independently of oxygen in the intact kidney. Am. J. Physiol. 277: F338-F346. Cummings SP, Williamson MP, Gilmour DJ 1993

Turgor regulation in a novel Halomonas species. Arch. Microbiol. 160: 319-323. Czempinski K, Zimmermann S, Ehrhardt T, Muller-Rober B 1997

New structure and function in plant K+ channels: KCO1, an outward rectifier with a steep Ca2+ dependency. EMBO J. 16: 2565-2575. Daram P, Urbach S, Gaymard F, Sentenac H, Cherel I 1997

Tetramerization of the AKT1 plant potassium channel involves its C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. EMBO J. 16: 3455-3463. Deeken R, Geiger D, Fromm J, Koroleva O, Ache P, Langenfeld-Heyser R, Sauer N, May ST, Hedrich R 2002

Loss of the AKT2/3 potassium channel affects sugar loading into the phloem of Arabidopsis. Planta 216: 334-344. Dennison KL, Robertson WR, Lewis BD, Hirsch RE, Sussman MR, Spalding EP 2001

Functions of AKT1 and AKT2 potassium channels determined by studies of single and double mutants of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 127: 1012-1019. DeWald DB, Torabinejad J, Jones CA, Shope JC, Cangelosi AR, Thompson JE, Prestwich GD, Hama H 2001

Rapid accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate correlates with calcium mobilization in salt-stressed Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 126: 759-769. Ding L, Zhu JK 1997

Reduced Na+ uptake in the NaCl-hypersensitive sos1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 113: 795-799. Doyle DA, Cabral JM, Pfuetzner RA, Kuo A, Gulbis JM, Cohen SL, Chait BT, MacKinnon R 1998

The structure of the potassium channel: molecular basis of K+ conduction and selectivity. Science 280: 69-77. Dreyer I, Becker D, Bregante M, Gambale F, Lehnen M, Palme K, Hedrich R 1998

Single mutations strongly alter the K+-selective pore of the K(in) channel KAT1. FEBS Lett. 430: 370-376. Echevarria C, Garcia-Maurino S, Alvarez R, Soler A, Vidal J 2001

Salt stress increases the Ca2+-independent phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase kinase activity in Sorghum leaves. Planta 214: 283-287. Ehrhardt T, Zimmermann S, Muller-Rober B 1997

Association of plant K+(in) channels is mediated by conserved C-termini and does not affect subunit assembly. FEBS Lett. 409: 166-170. Elumalai RP, Nagpal P, Reed JW 2002

A mutation in the Arabidopsis KT2/KUP2 potassium transporter gene affects shoot cell expansion. Plant Cell 14: 119-131. Endre ZH, Cowin GJ, Stewart-Richardson P, Cross M, Willgoss DA, Duggleby RG 1994

23Na NMR detects protection by glycine and alanine against hypoxic injury in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 202: 1639-1644. Escassi L, Aguilera J, Figueroa FL, Fernandez JA 2002

Potassium drives daily reversible thallus enlargement in the marine red alga Porphyra leucosticta (Rhodophyta). Planta 214: 759-766. Evans NH 2003

Modulation of guard cell plasma membrane potassium currents by methyl jasmonate. Plant Physiol. 131: 8-11. Fougere F, Le Rudulier D 1990

Uptake of glycine betaine and its analogues by bacteroids of Rhizobium meliloti. J. Gen. Microbiol. 136: 157-163. Fox TC, Guerinot ML 1998

Molecular biology of cation transport in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 49: 669-696. Fritz JD, Utz AL, Hale NM, Wu L, Powers AC, Verdoorn TA, Robertson D 1997

Gene-based neurotransmitter modulation in cerebellar granule neurons. J. Neurochem. 68: 204-212. Gassman W, Rubio F, Schroeder JI 1996

Alkali cation selectivity of the wheat root high-affinity potassium transporter HKT1. Plant J. 10: 869-852. Gauthier MJ, Flatau GN, Le Rudulier D, Clement RL, Combarro Combarro MP 1991

Intracellular accumulation of potassium and glutamate specifically enhances survival of Escherichia coli in seawater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57: 272-276. Gaxiola R, de Larrinoa IF, Villalba JM, Serrano R 1992

A novel and conserved salt-induced protein is an important determinant of salt tolerance in yeast. EMBO J. 11: 3157-3164. Goldstein SA, Wang KW, Ilan N, Pausch MH 1998

Sequence and function of the two P domain potassium channels: implications of an emerging superfamily. J. Mol. Med. 76: 13-20. Gonzalez-Arias A, Amezaga I, Echeandia A, Onaindia M 2000

Buffering capacity through cation leaching of Pinus radiata D. Don canopy. Plant Ecol. 149: 23-42. Gouesbet G, Abaibou H, Wu LF, Mandrand-Berthelot MA, Blanco C 1993

Osmotic repression of anaerobic metabolic systems in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 175: 214-221. Gowrishankar J, Manna D 1996

How is osmotic regulation of transcription of the Escherichia coli proU operon achieved? A review and a model. Genetica 97: 363-378. Grabov A, Blatt MR 1999

A steep dependence of inward-rectifying potassium channels on cytosolic free calcium concentration increase evoked by hyperpolarization in guard cells. Plant Physiol. 119: 277-288. Graeme-Cook KA 1991

The regulation of porin expression in Escherichia coli: effect of turgor stress. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 63: 219-223. Graham JE, Wilkinson BJ 1992

Staphylococcus aureus osmoregulation: roles for choline, glycine betaine, proline, and taurine. J. Bacteriol. 174: 2711-2716. Gruwel ML 2001

Considerations in measuring potassium efflux from plant cells using 87Rb magnetic resonance. Mol. Membr. Biol. 18: 291-294. Guo Y, Halfter U, Ishitani M, Zhu JK 2001

Molecular characterization of functional domains in the protein kinase sos2 that is required for plant salt tolerance. Plant Cell 13: 1383-1400. Gutowski JC, Schreier HJ 1992

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Functional characterisation of LKT1, a K+ uptake channel from tomato root hairs, and comparison with the closely related potato inwardly rectifying K+ channel SKT1 after expression in Xenopus oocytes. Planta 210: 723-731. Hassel B, Sonnewald U 2002

Effects of potassium and glutamine on metabolism of glucose in astrocytes. Neurochem. Res. 27: 167-171. Hedrich R, Neimanis S, Savchenko G, Felle HH, Kaiser WM, Heber U 2001

Changes in apoplastic pH and membrane potential in leaves in relation to stomatal responses to CO2, malate, abscisic acid or interruption of water supply. Planta 213: 594-601. Henslee JG, Wakabayashi Y, Small C, Jones ME 1983

Factors influencing pyrroline 5-carboxylate synthesis from glutamate by rat intestinal mucosa mitochondria. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 226: 693-703. Hilgendorf F, Bottger M 1993

Influence of temperature on proton secretion and hexacyanoferrate (III) reduction of Zea mays L. roots. Plant Physiol. 101: 1349-1353. Hinnah SC, Wagner R 1998

Thylakoid membranes contain a high-conductance channel. Eur. J. Biochem. 253: 606-613. Hirsch RE, Lewis BD, Spalding EP, Sussman MR 1998

A role for the AKT1 potassium channel in plant nutrition. Science 280: 918-921. Hirschi KD 1999 Expression of Arabidopsis CAX1 in tobacco. Altered calcium homeostasis and increased stress sensitivity. Plant Cell 11: 2113-2122. Hollerer-Beitz G, Heinemann SH 1998

Influence of detergents on the function of cloned potassium channels. Receptors Channels 5: 61-78. Hoth S, Dreyer I, Dietrich P, Becker D, Muller-Rober B, Hedrich R 1997

Molecular basis of plant-specific acid activation of K+ uptake channels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94: 4806-4810. Hoth S, Hedrich R 1999

Susceptibility of the guard-cell K(+)-uptake channel KST1 to Zn(2+) requires histidine residues in the S3-S4 linker and in the channel pore. Planta 209: 543-546. Hruby M, Cigler P, Kuzel S 2002

Contribution to understanding the mechanism of titanium action in plant. J. Plant Nutr. 25: 577-598. Hugouvieux V, Murata Y, Young JJ, Kwak JM, Mackesy DZ, Schroeder JI 2002

Localization, ion channel regulation, and genetic interactions during abscisic acid signaling of the nuclear mRNA cap-binding protein, ABH1. Plant Physiol. 130: 1276-1287. Ichida AM, Schroeder JI 1996

Increased resistance to extracellular cation block by mutation of the pore domain of the Arabidopsis inward-rectifying K+ channel KAT1. J. Membr. Biol. 151: 53-62. Ivanov B, Edwards G 2000

Influence of ascorbate and the Mehler peroxidase reaction on non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in maize mesophyll chloroplasts. Planta 210: 765-774. Izumi Y, Yoshida T, Yamada H 1990

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Choline transport activity in Staphylococcus aureus induced by osmotic stress and low phosphate concentrations. J. Bacteriol. 175: 2400-2406. Kim EJ, Kwak JM, Uozumi N, Schroeder JI 1998

AtKUP1: an Arabidopsis gene encoding high-affinity potassium transport activity. Plant Cell 10: 51-62. Kiss L, Immke D, LoTurco J, Korn SJ 1998

The interaction of Na+ and K+ in voltage-gated potassium channels. Evidence for cation binding sites of different affinity. J. Gen. Physiol. 111: 195-206. Kiss L, Korn SJ 1998

Modulation of C-type inactivation by K+ at the potassium channel selectivity filter. Biophys J. 74: 1840-1849. Klusener B, Young JJ, Murata Y, Allen GJ, Mori IC, Hugouvieux V, Schroeder JI 2002

Convergence of calcium signaling pathways of pathogenic elicitors and abscisic acid in Arabidopsis guard cells. Plant Physiol. 130: 2152-2163. Koyama ML, Levesley A, Koebner RM, Flowers TJ, Yeo AR 2001

Quantitative trait loci for component physiological traits determining salt tolerance in rice. Plant Physiol. 125: 406-422. Krishnaswamy S, Bryan JK 1983

Ligand-induced interconversions of maize homoserine dehydrogenase among different states. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 222: 449-463. Kumpf RA, Dougherty DA 1993

A mechanism for ion selectivity in potassium channels: computational studies of cation-pi interactions. Science 261: 1708-1710. Kunin CM, Rudy J 1991

Effect of NaCl-induced osmotic stress on intracellular concentrations of glycine betaine and potassium in Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and staphylococci. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 118: 217-224. Kupper FC, Kloareg B, Guern J, Potin P 2001

Oligoguluronates elicit an oxidative burst in the brown algal kelp Laminaria digitata. Plant Physiol. 125: 278-291. Kwak JM, Murata Y, Baizabal-Aguirre VM, Merrill J, Wang M, Kemper A, Hawke SD, Tallman G, Schroeder JI 2001

Dominant negative guard cell K(+) channel mutants reduce inward-rectifying K(+) currents and light-induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 127: 473-485. Lai MC, Gunsalus RP 1992

Glycine betaine and potassium ion are the major compatible solutes in the extremely halophilic methanogen Methanohalophilus strain Z7302. J. Bacteriol. 174: 7474-7477. Lai MC, Sowers KR, Robertson DE, Roberts MF, Gunsalus RP 1991

Distribution of compatible solutes in the halophilic methanogenic archaebacteria. J. Bacteriol. 173: 5352-5358. Lai MC, Yang DR, Chuang MJ 1999

Regulatory factors associated with synthesis of the osmolyte glycine betaine in the halophilic Methanoarchaeon Methanohalophilus portucalensis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 828-833. Laloraya MM, Chandra-kuntal K, Kumar GP, Laloraya M 1999

Active oxygen species in blue light mediated signal transduction in coleoptile tips. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 256: 293-298. Landis L, Xu JM, Johnson RC 1999

The cAMP receptor protein CRP can function as an osmoregulator of transcription in Escherichia coli. Genes & Dev. 13: 3081-3091. Laprade R, Noulin JF, Lapointe JY 1996

Volume regulation and ion transport in renal cells. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 5: 417-421. Laurie S, Feeney KA, Maathuis FJ, Heard PJ, Brown SJ, Leigh RA 2002 A role for HKT1 in sodium uptake by wheat roots. Plant J. 32: 139-149. Lemeshko SV, Lemeshko VV 2000

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ATP binding cassette modulators control abscisic acid-regulated slow anion channels in guard cells. Plant Cell 11: 1141-1152. Lewis BD, Spalding EP 1998

Nonselective block by La3+ of Arabidopsis ion channels involved in signal transduction. J. Membr. Biol. 162: 81-90. Li J, Lee YR, Assmann SM 1998

Guard cells possess a calcium-dependent protein kinase that phosphorylates the KAT1 potassium channel. Plant Physiol. 116: 785-795. Lino B, Baizabal-Aguirre VM, Gonzalez de la Vara LE 1998

The plasma-membrane H(+)-ATPase from beet root is inhibited by a calcium-dependent phosphorylation. Planta 204: 352-359. Liu K, Fu H, Bei Q, Luan S 2000

Inward potassium channel in guard cells as a target for polyamine regulation of stomatal movements. Plant Physiol. 124: 1315-1326. Liu W, Fairbairn DJ, Reid RJ, Schachtman DP 2001

Characterization of two HKT1 homologues from Eucalyptus camaldulensis that display intrinsic osmosensing capability. Plant Physiol. 127: 283-294. Ma JF, Tamai K, Ichii M, Wu GF 2002

A rice mutant defective in Si uptake. Plant Physiol. 130: 2111-2117. Maathuis FJ, Sanders D 1995

Contrasting roles in ion transport of two K(+)-channel types in root cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta 197: 456-464. Maathuis FJ, Sanders D 1994

Mechanism of high-affinity potassium uptake in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91: 9272-9276. Maathuis FJ, Sanders D 1999

Plasma membrane transport in context - making sense out of complexity. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 2: 236-243. Maathuis FJ, Sanders D 1996

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Genotypic differences in the response of sugar beet plants to replacement of potassium by sodium. Physiol. Plant. 51: 239-244. Marten I, Hoshi T 1998

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Phylogenetic relationships within cation transporter families of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 126: 1646-1667. Massonneau A, Martinoia E, Dietz KJ, Mimura T 2000

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Sodium, potassium, chloride, and betaine concentrations in isolated vacuoles from salt grown Atriplex gmelini leaves. Plant Physiol. 84: 173-177. Matoh T, Yasuoka S, Ishikawa T, Takahishi E 1988

Potassium requirement of pyruvate kinase extracted from leaves of halophytes. Physiol. Plant. 74: 675-678. Matsuzawa T 1982

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KCl activates phospholipase D at two different concentration ranges: distinguishing between hyperosmotic stress and membrane depolarization. Plant J. 31: 51-60. Meikle AJ, Reed RH, Gadd GM 1991

The osmotic responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in K+- depleted medium. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 78: 89-94. Michael G. Wolfersberger 2000 Amino acid transport in insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 45: 111-120.. Milton DL, Napier ML, Myers RM, Hardman JK 1986

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The impermeant ion methylammonium blocks K+ and NH4+ currents through KAT1 channel differently: evidence for ion interaction in channel permeation. J. Membr. Biol. 163: 25-35. Moshelion M, Becker D, Czempinski K, Mueller-Roeber B, Attali B, Hedrich R, Moran N 2002

Diurnal and circadian regulation of putative potassium channels in a leaf moving organ. Plant Physiol. 128: 634-642. Moshelion M, Moran N 2001

Potassium-efflux channels in extensor and flexor cells of the motor organ of Samanea saman are not Identical. Effects of cytosolic calcium. Plant Physiol. 125: 1142-1150. Munro PM, Gauthier MJ, Breittmayer VA, Bongiovanni J 1989

Influence of osmoregulation processes on starvation survival of Escherichia coli in seawater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55: 2017-2024. Naeimpoor F, Mavituna F 2000

Metabolic flux analysis in Streptomyces coelicolor under various nutrient limitations. Metab. Eng. 2: 140-148. Nakamura RL, McKendree WL Jr, Hirsch RE, Sedbrook JC, Gaber RF, Sussman MR 1995

Expression of an Arabidopsis potassium channel gene in guard cells. Plant Physiol. 109: 371-374. Nakanishi T, Takamitsu Y, Nakahama H, Sugita M 1994

Impairment of renal medullary osmolyte accumulation in potassium-depleted rats. Am. J. Physiol. 267: F139-F145. Narang RA, Bruene A, Altmann T 2000

Analysis of phosphate acquisition efficiency in different Arabidopsis accessions. Plant Physiol. 124: 1786-1799. Newman IA 2001

Ion transport in roots: measurement of fluxes using ion-selective microelectrodes to characterize transporter function. Plant Cell Environ. 24: 1-14. Nichol BE, Oliveira LA, Glass A, Siddiqi MY 1993

The effects of aluminum on the influx of calcium, potassium, ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate in an aluminum-sensitive cultivar of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant Physiol. 101: 1263-1266. Nocito FF, Pirovano L, Cocucci M, Sacchi GA 2002

Cadmium-induced sulfate uptake in maize roots. Plant Physiol. 129: 1872-1879. Noda Y, Kaneyuki T, Igarashi K, Mori A, Packer L 1998

Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant. Res. Commun. Mol. Pathol. Pharmacol. 102: 175-187. Ogahara T, Ohno M, Takayama M, Igarashi K, Kobayashi H 1995

Accumulation of glutamate by osmotically stressed Escherichia coli is dependent on pH. J. Bacteriol. 177: 5987-5890. Ono H, Sawada K, Khunajakr N, Tao T, Yamamoto M, Hiramoto M, Shinmyo A, Takano M, Murooka Y 1999

Characterization of biosynthetic enzymes for ectoine as a compatible solute in a moderately halophilic eubacterium, Halomonas elongata. J. Bacteriol. 181: 91-99. Oren A, Simon G, Galinski EA 1991

Intracellular salt and solute concentrations in Ectothiorhodospira marismortui: glycine betaine and N-alpha-carbamoyl glutamineamide as osmotic solutes. Arch. Microbiol. 156: 350-355. Osawa H, Matsumoto H 2002

Aluminium triggers malate-independent potassium release via ion channels from the root apex in wheat. Planta 215: 405-412. Pang SS, Duggleby RG 1999

Expression, purification, characterization, and reconstitution of the large and small subunits of yeast acetohydroxyacid synthase. Biochemistry 38: 5222-5231. Park J, Tai J, Roessner CA, Scott AI 1996

Enzymatic synthesis of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on the preparative scale. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 4: 2179-2185. Patchett RA, Kelly AF, Kroll RG 1992

Effect of sodium chloride on the intracellular solute pools of Listeria monocytogenes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 3959-3963. Pesci P, Reggiani R 1992

The process of abscisic acid-induced proline accumulation and the levels of polyamines and quaternary ammonium compounds in hydrated barley leaves. Physiol. Plant. 84: 134-139. Proctor LM, Lai R, Gunsalus RP 1997

The methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina thermophila TM-1 possesses a high-affinity glycine betaine transporter involved in osmotic adaptation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 2252-2257. Racher KI, Voegele RT, Marshall EV, Culham DE, Wood JM, Jung H, Bacon M, Cairns MT, Ferguson SM, Liang WJ, Henderson PJF, White G, Hallett FR 1999

Purification and reconstitution of an osmosensor: transporter ProP of Escherichia coli senses and responds to osmotic shifts. Biochemistry 38: 1676-1684. Ramirez RM, Prince WS, Bremer E, Villarejo M 1989

In vitro reconstitution of osmoregulated expression of proU of Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86: 1153-1157. Ratajczak R, Hinz G, Robinson DG 1999

Localization of pyrophosphatase in membranes of cauliflower inflorescence cells. Planta 208: 205-211. Reed RH, Rowell P, Stewart WDP 1981

Characterization of the transport of potassium ions in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis Kutz. Eur. J. Biochem. 116: 323-330. Reed RH, Rowell P, Stewart WDP 1981

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Number of references = 206
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